How Prescriptions Work in Japan (4-Day Validity, Refills, and Pharmacies)

In Japan, doctors prescribe; pharmacies dispense. You’ll leave the clinic with a paper prescription and take it to an outside pharmacy (薬局). The key rules are simple but strict—especially the 4-day validity.

Why clinics don’t dispense your meds (separation of roles)

Japan separates prescribing and dispensing. Clinics and hospitals write the prescription; pharmacies check for interactions, explain usage, and provide the medicine. This adds a safety check and keeps wait times at clinics shorter.

The 4-day validity rule (and how not to miss it)

Most prescriptions are valid for 4 days including the issue date. If you can’t fill in time, ask your clinic about options before the deadline. Doctors can set a different period in special cases, but you must follow what’s written on the form.

Refill prescriptions in Japan (what they are / when allowed)

Japan now allows refill prescriptions for some long-term conditions. The doctor specifies the number of repeats and the time window; pharmacists record each fill. Not all medications qualify—your doctor will decide if a refill is appropriate.

Finding an English-friendly pharmacy

City portals like Himawari and the JNTO search list pharmacies that can serve you in English. On Google Maps, try 薬局 English with your area name. At the counter, a simple line works: “Do you have English support? I’d like to fill this prescription.”

👉 Find more on Himawari and JNTO on: How to Book English-Speaking Doctors and Pharmacies in Japan

Generics, stock-outs, and travel tips

Ask “generic OK?” to reduce cost. If a pharmacy is out of stock, they can often call nearby branches—show your paper prescription and ask for help. Traveling soon? Fill the same day, and keep the medicine label for future reference.

See Also:

• Need an English-speaking clinic?: How to Book English-Speaking Doctors and Pharmacies in Japan
• Want the reception-to-checkout flow?: Visiting a Clinic in Japan: Step-by-Step Guide
• System basics (no GP, referrals, copays): Navigating Japan’s Healthcare System