Sanjusangendo Temple in Kyoto is a cultural treasure, blending history, spirituality, and breathtaking artistry. Known for its awe-inspiring collection of 1001 Kannon statues and its status as Japan’s longest wooden structure, this temple offers an unforgettable experience. Beyond the temple, the surrounding Higashiyama district is home to numerous historical landmarks, making it a perfect area for a walking tour. Let’s dive into the highlights of Sanjusangendo Temple and its fascinating neighborhood.
A Brief History of Sanjusangendo Temple
Sanjusangendo Temple, officially called Rengeo-in, was first built in 1164 under the order of Emperor Go-Shirakawa. The name “Sanjusangendo” (三十三間堂) translates to “Hall with Thirty-Three Spaces,” referring to the 33 intervals between the wooden columns in the 120-meter-long main hall, which symbolize the 33 manifestations of Kannon, the Buddhist goddess of mercy.
The original structure was destroyed by fire in 1249 but was rebuilt in 1266 under the reign of Emperor Go-Saga. This reconstructed temple has stood for over 750 years and is designated as a national treasure.
Why Is Sanjusangendo Famous?
The 1001 Statues of Kannon
Sanjusangendo Temple’s main hall is home to 1001 statues of Kannon, arranged in ten rows and fifty columns. At the center of the main hall, you’ll find a large seated statue of Kannon, created by Tankei, a famous sculptor of the Kamakura period. This statue, standing 3.35 meters tall, is surrounded by 500 statues of Kannon on either side, each carved with unique details.
These thousand-armed Kannon statues are made of Japanese cypress and symbolize Kannon’s ability to help all beings across the 25 planes of existence. This incredible arrangement is a visual masterpiece that reflects Japan’s devotion to Buddhist art.
Japan’s Longest Wooden Structure
The main hall, measuring 120 meters in length, is the longest wooden structure in Japan. Its size was designed to accommodate the 1001 statues of Kannon and allow for religious ceremonies. Constructed from Japanese cypress, the hall has withstood centuries of history and remains a marvel of traditional craftsmanship.
The Tōshiya Archery Contest: A Unique Tradition
One of the most fascinating events held at Sanjusangendo Temple is the Tōshiya Archery Contest, which takes place every January. Dating back to the Edo period, this annual competition attracts archers from all over Japan who demonstrate their skill by shooting arrows along the length of the 120-meter hall.
Originally, the contest involved archers shooting as many arrows as possible across the hall in a set period, with some archers shooting thousands of arrows in one event. Today, the contest is celebrated as part of the Coming of Age Day festivities, where young archers, often dressed in traditional attire, showcase their precision and discipline.
The Tōshiya Archery Contest is not only a display of skill but also a cultural highlight that reflects the spirit of focus and perseverance central to Buddhist teachings. Visitors are welcome to watch the event, making January a great time to visit Sanjusangendo.
Model Walking Tour: Explore Sanjusangendo and Nearby Attractions
For an enriching day in Kyoto, take this walking tour through the Sanjusangendo Temple area and discover the many treasures it has to offer.
1. Start at Hōkō-ji Temple
Your journey begins at Hōkō-ji Temple, just a short walk from Sanjusangendo. This historic site was once home to a massive Buddha statue and hall built by Toyotomi Hideyoshi in 1612. Although the hall and Buddha were destroyed in a fire, the bronze bell, known as one of Japan’s “Three Great Bells,” remains as a reminder of the temple’s grandeur. This Important Cultural Property is also tied to significant historical events in Japan’s feudal era.
Distance to next destination: A 2-minute walk to Toyokuni Shrine.
2. Toyokuni Shrine
Just steps away is Toyokuni Shrine, dedicated to Toyotomi Hideyoshi, one of Japan’s most influential historical figures. The shrine’s Karamon Gate, a national treasure, is believed to have been moved from Fushimi Castle. The stone lanterns on the grounds were offerings from Hideyoshi’s loyal retainers, adding to the shrine’s historical significance.
Distance to next destination: About an 8-minute walk to Kyoto National Museum.
3. Kyoto National Museum
Cross the street to reach the Kyoto National Museum, a must-visit for art and history enthusiasts. This museum, established in 1897, blends historical architecture with modern design. The original brick building, an Important Cultural Property, contrasts beautifully with the sleek Heisei Chishinkan Wing, designed by Yoshio Taniguchi.
The museum hosts special exhibitions and permanent displays of Buddhist sculptures, ancient scrolls, and national treasures. The museum shop offers exclusive items like Genji Monogatari-themed bags and kimono-patterned stationery, perfect for souvenirs.
- Admission: Special exhibitions 1,800 yen, permanent displays 700 yen.
- Hours: Open from 9:00 AM to 5:30 PM (until 8:00 PM on Fridays). Closed on Mondays.
Distance to next destination: A 6-minute walk to Sanjusangendo Temple.
4. Sanjusangendo Temple
Now, it’s time for the highlight of your day: Sanjusangendo Temple. Step into the main hall, and you’ll be greeted by the mesmerizing sight of 1001 Kannon statues, each slightly unique. At the center of the main hall, you’ll find the Seated Statue of Kannon, towering at 3.35 meters and exuding serenity and compassion.
The hall itself, at 120 meters long, is the longest wooden structure in Japan and a marvel of traditional Japanese craftsmanship. Take your time to soak in the temple’s peaceful ambiance and admire the intricate details of the statues.
- Admission: Adults 600 yen, children 300 yen.
- Hours: Open from 8:30 AM to 5:00 PM (last entry at 4:30 PM).
Distance to next destination: A 3-minute walk to Yōgen-in Temple.
5. Yōgen-in Temple
From Sanjusangendo, head east to Yōgen-in Temple, famous for its chilling Blood Ceilings. These ceiling boards were taken from Fushimi Castle, where warriors fought valiantly during a siege. The bloodstains, still visible today, serve as a poignant reminder of Kyoto’s turbulent past.
Distance to next destination: A 2-minute walk to Hōjū-ji Temple.
6. Hōjū-ji Temple
End your walking tour at Hōjū-ji Temple, home to the revered Migawari Fudō Myō-ō statue. Known as the “Substitute Protector,” this statue is believed to protect worshippers from harm. The temple is also tied to the 47 Ronin, who visited here before their legendary act of loyalty.
Practical Tips for Your Visit
- Walking Distance: The walking route covers several attractions close to Sanjusangendo Temple, making it manageable for most visitors.
- Time Needed: Plan for at least half a day to fully enjoy the sites, especially if you’re visiting the Kyoto National Museum or staying longer at Sanjusangendo.
- Transportation: All sites are easily accessible from Kyoto Station. Buses 100, 206, or 208 will drop you off at “Museum/Sanjusangendo” in just 10 minutes. If arriving by train, Shichijo Station on the Keihan Line is a 10-minute walk away.
Highlights to Remember
- Sanjusangendo Temple is famous for its 1001 statues of Kannon, Japan’s longest wooden structure, and serene spiritual atmosphere.
- The nearby Kyoto National Museum offers a world-class collection of Buddhist artifacts and national treasures.
- Hōkō-ji Temple, Toyokuni Shrine, and Yōgen-in Temple add fascinating historical and cultural layers to your visit.
- The walking route is easily accessible from Kyoto Station and offers a well-rounded experience of Kyoto’s rich heritage.
Exploring Sanjusangendo Temple and its neighborhood is a journey through Japan’s history, artistry, and spirituality. Whether you’re admiring the intricate details of the Kannon statues, walking beneath the iconic Blood Ceilings, or learning about Toyotomi Hideyoshi’s legacy, this area offers a truly unforgettable Kyoto experience. Make sure to include this walking tour in your plans to fully appreciate the wonders of the Higashiyama district!